Into.the.Void.

Inspired from another project called “Anonymous Wikipedia edits from the Norwegian parliament and government offices” I decided to create something similar for the Hellenic Parliament.

I downloaded the XML dumps (elwiki-20140702-pages-meta-history.xml.7z) for the elwiki from http://dumps.wikimedia.org/elwiki/20140702/. The compressed file is less than 600Mb but uncompressing it leads to a 73Gb XML which contains the full history of edits. Then I modified a parser I found on this blog to extract the data I wanted: Page Title, Timestamp and IP.

Then it was easy to create a list that contains all the edits that have been created by Hellenic Parliament IPs (195.251.32.0/22) throughout the History of Hellenic Wikipedia:
The list https://gist.github.com/kargig/d2cc8e3452dbde774f1c.

Interesting edits

1. Former Prime Minister “Κωνσταντίνος Σημίτης”
   An IP from inside the Hellenic Parliament tried to remove the following text at least 3 times in 17-18/02/2014. This is a link to the first edit: Diff 1.

   Για την περίοδο 1996-2001 ξοδεύτηκαν 5,2 τρις δρχ σε εξοπλισμούς. Οι δαπάνες του Β` ΕΜΠΑΕ (2001-2006) υπολογίζεται πως έφτασαν τα 6 με 7 τρις δρχ.[http://www.enet.gr/online/online_hprint?q=%E5%EE%EF%F0%EB%E9%F3%EC%EF%DF&a=&id=71538796 ”To κόστος των εξοπλισμών”], εφημερίδα ”Ελευθεροτυπία”, δημοσίευση [[1 Αυγούστου]] [[2001]].Έπειτα απο τη σύλληψη και ενοχή του Γ.Καντά,υπάρχουν υπόνοιες για την εμπλοκή του στο σκάνδαλο με μίζες από Γερμανικές εταιρίες στα εξοπλιστικά,κάτι το οποίο διερευνάται απο την Εισαγγελία της Βρέμης.

2. Former MP “Δημήτρης Κωνσταντάρας”
   Someone modified his biography twice. Diff Links: Diff 1 Diff 2.
3. Former football player “Δημήτρης Σαραβάκος”
   In the following edit someone updated this player’s bio adding that he ‘currently plays in porn films’. Diff link. The same editor seems to have removed that reference later, diff link.
4. Former MP “Θεόδωρος Ρουσόπουλος”
   Someone wanted to update this MP’s bio and remove some reference of a scandal. Diff link.
5. The movie “Ραντεβού με μια άγνωστη”
   Claiming that the nude scenes are probably not from the actor named “Έλενα Ναθαναήλ”. Diff link.
6. The soap opera “Χίλιες και Μία Νύχτες (σειρά)”
   Someone created the first version of the article on this soap opera. Diff Link.
7. Politician “Γιάννης Λαγουδάκος”
   Someone edited his bio so it seemed that he would run for MP with the political party called “Ανεξάρτητοι Έλληνες”. Diff Link
8. University professor “Γεώργιος Γαρδίκας”
   Someone edited his profile and added a link for amateur football team “Αγιαξ Αιγάλεω”. Diff Link.
9. Politician “Λευτέρης Αυγενάκης”
   Someone wanted to fix his bio and upload a file, so he/she added a link from the local computer “C:\Documents and Settings\user2\Local Settings\Temp\ΑΥΓΕΝΑΚΗΣ”. Diff link.
10. MP “Κώστας Μαρκόπουλος”
    Someone wanted to fix his bio regarding his return to the “Νέα Δημοκρατία” political party. Diff Link.
11. (Golden Dawn) MP “Νίκος Μιχαλολιάκος”
    Someone was trying to “fix” his bio removing some accusations. Diff Link.
12. (Golden Dawn) MP “Ηλίας Κασιδιάρης”
    Someone was trying to fix his bio and remove various accusations and incidents. Diff Link 1, Diff Link 2, Diff Link 3.

Who’s done the edits ?
The IP range of the Hellenic Parliament is not only used by MPs but from people working in the parliament as well. Don’t rush to any conclusions…
Oh, and the IP 195.251.32.48 is probably a proxy inside the Parliament.

Threat Model
Not that it matters a lot for MPs and politicians in general, but it’s quite interesting that if someone “anonymously” edits a wikipedia article, wikimedia stores the IP of the editor and provides it to anyone that wants to download the wiki archives. If the IP range is known, or someone has the legal authority within a country to force an ISP to reveal the owner of an IP, it is quite easy to spot the actual person behind an “anonymous” edit. But if someone creates an account to edit wikipedia articles, wikimedia does not publish the IPs of its users, the account database is private. To get an IP of a user, one would need to take wikimedia to courts to force them to reveal that account’s IP address. Since every wikipedia article edit history is available for anyone to download, one is actually “more anonymous to the public” if he/she logs in or creates a (new) account every time before editing an article, than editing the same article without an account. Unless someone is afraid that wikimedia will leak/disclose their account’s IPs.
So depending on their threat model, people can choose whether they want to create (new) account(s) before editing an article or not 🙂

Similar Projects

Bonus
Anonymous edit from “Synaspismos Political Party” (ΣΥΡΙΖΑ) address range for “Δημοκρατική Αριστερά” political party article, changing it’s youth party blog link to the PASOK youth party blog link. Diff Link

Filed by kargig at 15:10 under General,Greek,Internet,Privacy
Tags: anonymity, hellenic parliament, Privacy, wikimedia, wikipedia
No Comments | 19,448 views

E-mail headers usually leak some information about the person sending the email. Most servers reveal the sender’s originating IP, but sometimes we might not want this behavior. Here’s a simple way to modify your postfix server to remove just the IP of the sender. The original idea is from https://we.riseup.net/debian/mail but with postfix 2.9 version (Debian Wheezy) using the way proposed in the riseup article you will also be anonymizing all intermediate ‘Received: from’ headers and not just the sender’s. The setup proposed by riseup article seems to work fine with postfix 2.7 (Debian Squeeze).

1. Install postfix-pcre if you haven’t already.
# apt-get install postfix-pcre

2. Create a file /etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks with content:
/^\s*(Received: from)[^\n]*(.*)/ REPLACE $1 [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1])$2

3. Edit /etc/postfix/master.cf
Find the section about submission and add at the end of it: -o cleanup_service_name=subcleanup
e.g.

submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
  -o cleanup_service_name=subcleanup

Then at the end of /etc/postfix/master.cf file add the following:

subcleanup unix n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
    -o header_checks=pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks

That’s it, reload your postfix and you’re done. When you’ll be sending emails over submission (you do use submission instead of smtp to send your emails, right?) then the first ‘Received’ header will be modified like the following example.
Instead of:

Received: from foo.bar (abcd.efgh.domain.tld [111.222.100.200])
        by mail.domain.tld (Postfix) with ESMTPA id BAB8A1A0224
        for <user@dst.domain2.tld>; Sun, 24 Nov 2013 15:47:50 +0100 (CET)

It will be:

Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1])
        by mail.domain.tld (Postfix) with ESMTPA id BAB8A1A0224
        for <user@dst.domain2.tld>; Sun, 24 Nov 2013 15:47:50 +0100 (CET)

Extra
If you want to anonymize even more headers, try adding the following to /etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks

/^\s*User-Agent/        IGNORE
/^\s*X-Enigmail/        IGNORE
/^\s*X-Mailer/          IGNORE
/^\s*X-Originating-IP/  IGNORE

Logging
As the riseup article says, be very careful of what is being logged at the server. If you don’t want to log the replacements done by pcre then add something like the following in your rsyslog.conf before any other rule:
:msg, contains, "replace: header Received:" ~

Filed by kargig at 17:31 under Internet,Linux,Networking
Tags: anonymity, debian, headers, postfix, smtp, Squeeze, submission, wheezy
6 Comments | 72,927 views

On Sunday the 11th of November we finally had our first CryptoParty in Athens, Greece. We hosted it at the Athens Hackerspace.

Organizing
We organized our first CryptoParty in a very ad-hoc way. A pad was set up and advertised on Twitter/Facebook. Almost immediately people started writing their thoughts, views and interests there. We soon had a list of topics that people were interested in and another list of people willing to give presentations/workshops. Later on we set up a doodle so people would choose the most convenient dates for them. From the group of 50 people that originally expressed their interest to attend the CryptoParty, at least 20 voted on the doodle. That’s how the final date of November the 11th was chosen.

It was surprising/refreshing that even though everything was organized through an anonymously editable pad, nobody tried to vandalize it.

The actual event
Through the pad, we chose 3 topics for the first meeting. “Using SSL/TLS for your Internet communications”, an “introduction to Tor” and another “introduction to I2P”.
The time for the event was set for 12:00 in the morning, probably a very bad choice. The next one should definitely be later in the afternoon or even night. We learn by our mistakes though…People started showing up at around 11:30, but the event didn’t start until 12:30 when someone from hackerspace.gr gave a 5′ intro talk about what the hackerspace is to people who had never been there before. People kept coming even until 13:00 and the audience had grown to more than 30 people.
After the three workshops/presentations around 10-15 people stayed and we ordered pizza.

All in all I’d say it was fairly successful since more than 30 people came and actually did things to improve their security.

The presentations/workshops
“Using SSL/TLS for your Internet communications” (in English) was my effort to show people how cleartext data travels through the Internet and how any intermediate “bad guy”/LEA can easily read or manipulate your data. People were instructed to install wireshark so they could actually see for themselves what the actual problem is. It was very “nice” to see their surprise upon watching cleartext packets flowing through their network cards. It was even nicer to see their surprise when I used tcpdump on hackerspace’s router to redirect traffic to wireshark running on a Debian laptop to display their data, without having “direct” access to their computer. Then people were introduced to the idea of Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS), and how HTTPS protects their web data from prying eyes. After this tiny “privacy apocalypse” it was very easy to convince users to install HTTPS-Everywhere. And so they did. Afterwards they got instructions on how they should change SSL/TLS settings for their E-email and IM clients.
My original intention was to “scare” people a bit. It was funny to see their faces when they logged in to yahoo mail and they could see their emails cleartext on wireshark. People don’t understand how data travels through the Internet unless they experience it for themselves. I’m glad that people who had absolutely no idea about HTTPS are now using HTTPS-Everywhere to protect themselves. Hopefully they’ll show that to their friends as well.

“Introduction to Tor” (in Greek) gave people an idea at what anonymity is, how it differs from security and how users should be combining both TLS and Tor usage for security and anonymity at the same time. A brief explanation of what hidden services are was given as well. Even though George asked people to download and install Tor Browser Bundle and use it, we’ll definitely need more “hands on” Tor workshops in the future. It will be interesting to convince more people to actually use it and why not, even set up their own hidden services.

“Invisible Internet Project a.k.a. I2P” (in English) by @alafroiskiotos was probably the hardest of the three presentations to keep up for people that had no previous idea about anonymity networks. It’s unique architecture and some difficulties in it’s usage raised a lot of interesting questions by attendees.

Thoughts on future CryptoParties
After the end of the workshops/presentations we had a lengthy discussion with the attendees as to what they would like to see/experience in the future CryptoParties. Unfortunately people were not very vocal. Very few participated and openly expressed their thoughts/opinions. A great part of the discussion was spent trying to figure out whom should CryptoParty presentations/workshops target at, users? developers? geeks? It’s obviously very hard to target all groups of people at the same time.

So here are my thoughts on what future CryptoParties should be. CryptoParties should be about changing user habits, they should be closer to workshops than presentations. They should be focused mainly on users not developers nor computer science students. Just simple users. People don’t want theoretical talks about cryptography, they need advice they can use in their daily lives. It’s already very hard to talk about modern crypto to people who haven’t got a strong mathematical background, you have to oversimplify things. Oversimplifying things then makes geeks/nerds unhappy and still doesn’t “teach” people about proper crypto. Even a fairly “simple” HTTPS negotiation contains key crypto concepts that are very difficult for a “crypto-newbie” to grasp. So it’s a lose-lose situation.

We need to teach, or better convince, users on using good, secure, audited tools and not just tell them about technologies and concepts. We, weirdos, might like that, but most users don’t. People need our help to learn how to avoid “fancy” tools and false security prophets. We need to show them how security should be applied in a layered approach. Getting people to care about their own privacy is key to the success of CryptoParties in the way I see them. To achieve that, we, people that know a few things more than the average Joe, should all become volunteers to such efforts. We should be joining CryptoParties in order to help others and not in order to improve ourselves and our knowledge. (Actually when you study in order to make a good workshop/presentation you improve your own knowledge as well, but let’s leave that beside for now.) We can have our separate geeky/nerdy events to present fancy tech and cool crypto stuff, but let’s keep CryptoParties simple and practical. Oh and we’ll need to repeat things again and again and again. That’s the only way people might change their habits.

If you want to find out more about the next Athens CryptoParty keep an eye at Hackerspace’s events and the athens cryptoparty pad. Join us!

Good luck to all the CryptoParties worldwide!

Filed by kargig at 21:23 under Encryption,Internet,Linux,Networking,Privacy
Tags: anonymity, athens, CryptoParty, HSTS, https, HTTPS-Everywhere, I2P, Networking, presentation, Privacy, security, SSL/TLS, tcpdump, tor, wireshark, workshop
No Comments | 10,044 views